Adding the right fats to your dog’s diet can transform their health, leading to a shinier coat, improved energy levels, and stronger joints. However, choosing the wrong fat source or getting the balance wrong can lead to weight gain, digestive issues, and inflammation.
Here is a comprehensive breakdown of the healthiest oils and fats for dogs, why they matter, and how to safely incorporate them into your dog’s meals.
Why Your Dog Needs Healthy Fats
Fats are a primary energy source for canines. Beyond energy, fats facilitate the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) and regulate inflammation.
To make the best choice, you must understand the balance between Omega-6 and Omega-3 fatty acids.
Most commercial kibble is heavy in Omega-6s (found in corn, soy, and chicken fat). While essential, an excess of Omega-6 promotes inflammation. Your goal when supplementing is usually to add Omega-3s, which reduce inflammation, support brain development, and improve coat quality.
Top Animal-Based Oils
Animal fats are generally the most biologically appropriate option for dogs. They provide EPA (Eicosapentaenoic acid) and DHA (Docosahexaenoic acid), which dogs can absorb and utilize much more efficiently than plant-based versions.
Fish Oil and Salmon Oil
Fish oil is the gold standard for canine supplementation. It is packed with EPA and DHA, making it a powerhouse for reducing itchiness, soothing stiff joints, and supporting heart health.
If your dog suffers from allergies or dry, flaky skin, salmon oil is often the first line of defense. Because fish oil oxidizes easily, you should buy it in dark bottles with pumps or in capsule form to maintain freshness.
Krill Oil
Krill oil serves a similar purpose to salmon oil but offers distinct advantages. It is sourced from tiny crustaceans at the bottom of the food chain, meaning it typically accumulates fewer heavy metals and toxins than larger fish.
Krill oil contains astaxanthin, a potent antioxidant not found in standard fish oil. It is also more concentrated, so you often need smaller doses to achieve the same anti-inflammatory results.
Top Plant-Based Oils
While animal fats are easier for dogs to process, specific plant oils offer unique benefits, particularly regarding digestion and immune support.
Coconut Oil
Coconut oil is rich in Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs). Unlike other fats, MCTs are rapidly absorbed and metabolized, providing an immediate source of fuel rather than being stored as fat. This makes coconut oil an excellent choice for lethargic dogs or those needing a metabolic boost.
It contains lauric acid, which possesses natural antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal properties. You can add it to food to improve digestion and breath, or apply it topically to soothe hot spots and cracked paws.
Flaxseed Oil
Flaxseed oil is high in Alpha-Linolenic Acid (ALA), a plant-based Omega-3. It helps with constipation and can improve coat sheen.
However, there is a caveat: dogs do not convert ALA into usable EPA and DHA very efficiently. While flaxseed oil is healthy, it should not replace fish oil if your primary goal is joint support or significant inflammation reduction.
Olive Oil
Extra virgin olive oil is safe and beneficial for dogs in moderation. It is high in monounsaturated fats and antioxidants that combat cellular aging.
Olive oil is particularly good for dogs with dry skin or mild constipation. The antioxidants, specifically vitamin E, help support the immune system. Ensure you use 100% olive oil, as cheaper blends often contain vegetable fillers.
Hemp Seed Oil
Hemp seed oil is gaining popularity because it contains a near-perfect ratio of Omega-6 to Omega-3 fatty acids. It acts as a complete protein source and can help reduce anxiety and inflammation. Unlike CBD oil, hemp seed oil does not contain cannabinoids but is strictly a nutritional supplement derived from the seeds.
Oils and Fats to Avoid
Not all fats are created equal. Some oils are highly processed, pro-inflammatory, or downright dangerous for your dog.
Vegetable and Seed Oils
Avoid adding soybean, corn, canola, or generic “vegetable” oil to your dog’s food. These are extremely high in Omega-6 fatty acids. Since most dogs already get too much Omega-6 from their kibble, adding these oils exacerbates inflammation, potentially worsening arthritis and allergies.
Rendered Fats and Grease
Never pour bacon grease or leftover pan drippings onto your dog’s food. These cooked fats are often high in sodium and can be difficult for dogs to digest. A sudden intake of high-fat grease is a primary trigger for pancreatitis—a painful and potentially life-threatening inflammation of the pancreas.
Dosage and Safety Guidelines
Even healthy oils are calorie-dense. Adding too much too quickly can lead to weight gain and digestive upset, including oily stools or vomiting.
Follow these steps for safe supplementation:
- Start Slow: Introduce oil at 25% of the recommended dose and gradually increase it over two weeks to allow your dog’s digestive system to adapt.
- Watch the Calories: Fats contain about 120 calories per tablespoon. If you add oil, you may need to slightly reduce their regular food portion to prevent obesity.
- Check Sensitivity: If your dog has a history of sensitive stomach issues or pancreatitis, consult your veterinarian before adding any pure fats to their diet.
General Dosage Rules:
- Fish/Coconut/Olive Oil: typically 1 teaspoon per 10–20 pounds of body weight per day is a standard maintenance dose, but always read the specific product label.
By selecting the right oil—such as salmon oil for joints or coconut oil for metabolic health—you can provide your dog with essential nutrients that commercial diets often lack.